INTRODUCTION PROSE

PROSE

A.    Introduction

Prose in In the etymology term is from Latin word prosa, it means “ in phrase” . Prosaoratio, meaning “ straight, direct, unadorned speech”. Prosus, meaning “ straightforward or direct. Pro versum, meaning “ turned forward”.

In the terminology, Prose is an inclusive term for all discourse, spoken or written which is not patterned into the lines and rhymes either of metric verse or free verse.

B.     Genre of prose

1.      Nonfictional Prose : a piece of writing based on fact. For example autobiographies, biographies, works of criticism, and non – fiction essay

2.      Fictional prose : an imaginative writing. For example novels, parables, and short stories.

3.      Heroic prose : writing based on the formulaic expressions found in oral tradition. For example legends and fables.

4.      Prose poem : is poetry written in prose instead of using verse but preserving oetic qualities such as heightened imagery, parataxis and emotional effect.

5.      Polyphonic prose : is a feature of narrative, which includes a diversity of points of view and voiced.

6.      Village prose : is contain focus on certain place. For example a movement in soviet literature beginning during the khushchev Thaw, which included works that focused on the soviet rural communities.

C.     Characteristics of prose

1.      Narrative : writer tells a story ( fiction or non fictions), usually told in chronological order, has characters, follows the plot line, there is exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.

2.      Expository : giving information, used in speeches and essays, not telling a story or argue.

3.      Description : describe something in detail

4.      Persuasive : arguing a point ( or two sides of a questions ) giving evidence in favor or against.

D.    Elements of prose fiction

1.      Themes

Theme is main idea that weaves the story together, the why, the underlying ideas of what happens in the piece of literature, often a statement about society or human nature. Explicit theme is when the writer states the theme openly and clearly.

2.      Setting

Setting refers to the place and time. Setting is the locale and time of a story. So it refers to where and when the action of the story occurs.

Types of setting :

a.       Neutral setting : it refers to real place or time

b.      The spiritual setting : it refers to imagination place or time.

The elements of setting :

a.       Geographical location : include photography, scenery, even the details of a rooms interior.

b.      Artificial environment : building, cities, villages.

c.       Properties : furniture and clothing

d.      Cultural and backdrop : way of life, gender roles, beliefs, and values.

3.      Plot

Plot is what happens in a story the story, how it is organized and how it is developed. Usually it is link cause and effect. Lot consists of action and reaction, also referred to as stimulus and response.

The structure of plot :

4.      Character and Characterization

Character is imagined person in a story whom we know from the words. Character is a person or being in story that performs the action of the plot. Characters can be primary, secondary, minor or main.

Types of character :

a.       Protagonist

b.      Antagonist

c.       Dynamic

d.      Static

Characterization is exposition of character or the process by which he writer reveals the personality of the character.

5.      Point of view

The author who chooses to exploit his godlike knowledge of the universe he has created will employ the omniscient  narrator. Point of view is from whose consciousness the reader hears, sees, and feels the story.

Point of view is how an author tells his or her reader about a character.

Types of it :

1.      First person :Involving the use of either of the two pronouns “I” and “we

2.      Second person :Employing the pronoun “you”

3.      Third person omniscient :Entering the thought of every character “she, he or they”

4.      Third person limited :Entering the thought of one character “ Anna , Diana “

REFERENCES

Islam, Aang Fatihul.2016 :Introduction to Literature; A Guide for the Understanding of Basic Literature. Malang: Beranda